@keyframes progress-bar-stripes{0%{background-position:1rem 0}to{background-position:0 0}}.modal,.modal-open{overflow:hidden}.modal-open .modal{overflow-x:hidden;overflow-y:auto}.modal{position:fixed;top:0;left:0;z-index:1050;display:none;width:100%;height:100%;outline:0}.modal-dialog{position:relative;width:auto;margin:.5rem;pointer-events:none}.modal.fade .modal-dialog{transition:transform .3s ease-out;transform:translate(0,-50px)}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.modal.fade .modal-dialog{transition:none}}.modal.show .modal-dialog{transform:none}.modal.modal-static .modal-dialog{transform:scale(1.02)}.modal-dialog-scrollable{display:flex;max-height:calc(100% - 1rem)}.modal-dialog-scrollable .modal-content{max-height:calc(100vh - 1rem);overflow:hidden}.modal-dialog-scrollable .modal-footer,.modal-dialog-scrollable .modal-header{flex-shrink:0}.modal-dialog-scrollable .modal-body{overflow-y:auto}.modal-dialog-centered{display:flex;align-items:center;min-height:calc(100% - 1rem)}.modal-dialog-centered::before{display:block;height:calc(100vh - 1rem);content:""}.modal-dialog-centered.modal-dialog-scrollable{flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;height:100%}.modal-dialog-centered.modal-dialog-scrollable .modal-content{max-height:none}.modal-dialog-centered.modal-dialog-scrollable::before{content:none}.modal-content{position:relative;display:flex;flex-direction:column;width:100%;pointer-events:auto;background-color:#fff;background-clip:padding-box;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.2);border-radius:.3rem;outline:0}.modal-backdrop{position:fixed;top:0;left:0;z-index:1040;width:100vw;height:100vh;background-color:#000}.modal-backdrop.fade{opacity:0}.modal-backdrop.show{opacity:.5}.modal-header{display:flex;align-items:flex-start;justify-content:space-between;padding:1rem;border-bottom:1px solid #dee2e6;border-top-left-radius:calc(.3rem - 1px);border-top-right-radius:calc(.3rem - 1px)}.modal-header .close{padding:1rem;margin:-1rem -1rem -1rem auto}.modal-title{margin-bottom:0;line-height:1.5}.modal-body{position:relative;flex:1 1 auto;padding:1rem}.modal-footer{display:flex;flex-wrap:wrap;align-items:center;justify-content:flex-end;padding:.75rem;border-top:1px solid #dee2e6;border-bottom-right-radius:calc(.3rem - 1px);border-bottom-left-radius:calc(.3rem - 1px)}.modal-footer>*{margin:.25rem}.modal-scrollbar-measure{position:absolute;top:-9999px;width:50px;height:50px;overflow:scroll}@media (min-width:576px){.modal-dialog{max-width:500px;margin:1.75rem auto}.modal-dialog-scrollable{max-height:calc(100% - 3.5rem)}.modal-dialog-scrollable .modal-content{max-height:calc(100vh - 3.5rem)}.modal-dialog-centered{min-height:calc(100% - 3.5rem)}.modal-dialog-centered::before{height:calc(100vh - 3.5rem)}.modal-sm{max-width:300px}}@media (min-width:992px){.modal-lg,.modal-xl{max-width:800px}}@media (min-width:1200px){.modal-xl{max-width:1140px}}.pagination{display:flex;padding-left:0;list-style:none;border-radius:.25rem}.page-link{position:relative;display:block;padding:.5rem .75rem;margin-left:-1px;line-height:1.25;color:#007bff;background-color:#fff;border:1px solid #dee2e6}.page-link:hover{z-index:2;color:#0056b3;text-decoration:none;background-color:#e9ecef;border-color:#dee2e6}.page-link:focus{z-index:3;outline:0;box-shadow:0 0 0 .2rem rgba(0,123,255,.25)}.page-item:first-child .page-link{margin-left:0;border-top-left-radius:.25rem;border-bottom-left-radius:.25rem}.page-item:last-child .page-link{border-top-right-radius:.25rem;border-bottom-right-radius:.25rem}.page-item.active .page-link{z-index:3;background-color:#007bff;border-color:#007bff}.page-item.disabled .page-link{color:#6c757d;pointer-events:none;cursor:auto;background-color:#fff;border-color:#dee2e6}.pagination-lg .page-link{padding:.75rem 1.5rem;font-size:1.25rem;line-height:1.5}.pagination-lg .page-item:first-child .page-link{border-top-left-radius:.3rem;border-bottom-left-radius:.3rem}.pagination-lg .page-item:last-child .page-link{border-top-right-radius:.3rem;border-bottom-right-radius:.3rem}.pagination-sm .page-link{padding:.25rem .5rem;font-size:.875rem;line-height:1.5}.pagination-sm .page-item:first-child .page-link{border-top-left-radius:.2rem;border-bottom-left-radius:.2rem}.pagination-sm .page-item:last-child .page-link{border-top-right-radius:.2rem;border-bottom-right-radius:.2rem}@media print{*,::after,::before{text-shadow:none!important;box-shadow:none!important}a:not(.btn){text-decoration:underline}abbr[title]::after{content:" (" attr(title) ")"}pre{white-space:pre-wrap!important}blockquote,pre{border:1px solid #adb5bd}thead{display:table-header-group}blockquote,img,pre,tr{page-break-inside:avoid}h2,h3,p{orphans:3;widows:3}h2,h3{page-break-after:avoid}@page{size:a3}.container,body{min-width:992px!important}.navbar{display:none}.badge{border:1px solid #000}.table{border-collapse:collapse!important}.table td,.table th{background-color:#fff!important}.table-bordered td,.table-bordered th{border:1px solid #dee2e6!important}.table-dark{color:inherit}.table-dark tbody+tbody,.table-dark td,.table-dark th,.table-dark thead th{border-color:#dee2e6}.table .thead-dark th{color:inherit;border-color:#dee2e6}}.tooltip{z-index:1070;margin:0;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,"Helvetica Neue",Arial,"Noto Sans",sans-serif,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji","Segoe UI Symbol","Noto Color Emoji";font-style:normal;font-weight:400;line-height:1.5;text-align:left;text-align:start;text-decoration:none;text-shadow:none;text-transform:none;letter-spacing:normal;word-break:normal;word-spacing:normal;white-space:normal;line-break:auto;font-size:.875rem;word-wrap:break-word;opacity:0}.tooltip.show{opacity:.9}.tooltip,.tooltip .arrow{position:absolute;display:block}.tooltip .arrow{width:.8rem;height:.4rem}.tooltip .arrow::before{position:absolute;content:"";border-color:transparent;border-style:solid}.bs-tooltip-auto[x-placement^=top],.bs-tooltip-top{padding:.4rem 0}.bs-tooltip-auto[x-placement^=top] .arrow,.bs-tooltip-top .arrow{bottom:0}.bs-tooltip-auto[x-placement^=top] .arrow::before,.bs-tooltip-top .arrow::before{top:0;border-width:.4rem .4rem 0;border-top-color:#000}.bs-tooltip-auto[x-placement^=right],.bs-tooltip-right{padding:0 .4rem}.bs-tooltip-auto[x-placement^=right] .arrow,.bs-tooltip-right .arrow{left:0;width:.4rem;height:.8rem}.bs-tooltip-auto[x-placement^=right] .arrow::before,.bs-tooltip-right .arrow::before{right:0;border-width:.4rem .4rem .4rem 0;border-right-color:#000}.bs-tooltip-auto[x-placement^=bottom],.bs-tooltip-bottom{padding:.4rem 0}.bs-tooltip-auto[x-placement^=bottom] .arrow,.bs-tooltip-bottom .arrow{top:0}.bs-tooltip-auto[x-placement^=bottom] .arrow::before,.bs-tooltip-bottom .arrow::before{bottom:0;border-width:0 .4rem .4rem;border-bottom-color:#000}.bs-tooltip-auto[x-placement^=left],.bs-tooltip-left{padding:0 .4rem}.bs-tooltip-auto[x-placement^=left] .arrow,.bs-tooltip-left .arrow{right:0;width:.4rem;height:.8rem}.bs-tooltip-auto[x-placement^=left] .arrow::before,.bs-tooltip-left .arrow::before{left:0;border-width:.4rem 0 .4rem .4rem;border-left-color:#000}.tooltip-inner{max-width:200px;padding:.25rem .5rem;color:#fff;text-align:center;background-color:#000;border-radius:.25rem}.popover,.popover .arrow{position:absolute;display:block}.popover{top:0;left:0;z-index:1060;max-width:276px;font-family:-apple-system,BlinkMacSystemFont,"Segoe UI",Roboto,"Helvetica Neue",Arial,"Noto Sans",sans-serif,"Apple Color Emoji","Segoe UI Emoji","Segoe UI Symbol","Noto Color Emoji";font-style:normal;font-weight:400;line-height:1.5;text-align:left;text-align:start;text-decoration:none;text-shadow:none;text-transform:none;letter-spacing:normal;word-break:normal;word-spacing:normal;white-space:normal;line-break:auto;font-size:.875rem;word-wrap:break-word;background-color:#fff;background-clip:padding-box;border:1px solid rgba(0,0,0,.2);border-radius:.3rem}.popover .arrow{width:1rem;height:.5rem;margin:0 .3rem}.popover .arrow::after,.popover .arrow::before{position:absolute;display:block;content:"";border-color:transparent;border-style:solid}.bs-popover-auto[x-placement^=top],.bs-popover-top{margin-bottom:.5rem}.bs-popover-auto[x-placement^=top]>.arrow,.bs-popover-top>.arrow{bottom:calc(-.5rem - 1px)}.bs-popover-auto[x-placement^=top]>.arrow::before,.bs-popover-top>.arrow::before{bottom:0;border-width:.5rem .5rem 0;border-top-color:rgba(0,0,0,.25)}.bs-popover-auto[x-placement^=top]>.arrow::after,.bs-popover-top>.arrow::after{bottom:1px;border-width:.5rem .5rem 0;border-top-color:#fff}.bs-popover-auto[x-placement^=right],.bs-popover-right{margin-left:.5rem}.bs-popover-auto[x-placement^=right]>.arrow,.bs-popover-right>.arrow{left:calc(-.5rem - 1px);width:.5rem;height:1rem;margin:.3rem 0}.bs-popover-auto[x-placement^=right]>.arrow::before,.bs-popover-right>.arrow::before{left:0;border-width:.5rem .5rem .5rem 0;border-right-color:rgba(0,0,0,.25)}.bs-popover-auto[x-placement^=right]>.arrow::after,.bs-popover-right>.arrow::after{left:1px;border-width:.5rem .5rem .5rem 0;border-right-color:#fff}.bs-popover-auto[x-placement^=bottom],.bs-popover-bottom{margin-top:.5rem}.bs-popover-auto[x-placement^=bottom]>.arrow,.bs-popover-bottom>.arrow{top:calc(-.5rem - 1px)}.bs-popover-auto[x-placement^=bottom]>.arrow::before,.bs-popover-bottom>.arrow::before{top:0;border-width:0 .5rem .5rem;border-bottom-color:rgba(0,0,0,.25)}.bs-popover-auto[x-placement^=bottom]>.arrow::after,.bs-popover-bottom>.arrow::after{top:1px;border-width:0 .5rem .5rem;border-bottom-color:#fff}.bs-popover-auto[x-placement^=bottom] .popover-header::before,.bs-popover-bottom .popover-header::before{position:absolute;top:0;left:50%;display:block;width:1rem;margin-left:-.5rem;content:"";border-bottom:1px solid #f7f7f7}.bs-popover-auto[x-placement^=left],.bs-popover-left{margin-right:.5rem}.bs-popover-auto[x-placement^=left]>.arrow,.bs-popover-left>.arrow{right:calc(-.5rem - 1px);width:.5rem;height:1rem;margin:.3rem 0}.bs-popover-auto[x-placement^=left]>.arrow::before,.bs-popover-left>.arrow::before{right:0;border-width:.5rem 0 .5rem .5rem;border-left-color:rgba(0,0,0,.25)}.bs-popover-auto[x-placement^=left]>.arrow::after,.bs-popover-left>.arrow::after{right:1px;border-width:.5rem 0 .5rem .5rem;border-left-color:#fff}.popover-header{padding:.5rem .75rem;margin-bottom:0;font-size:1rem;background-color:#f7f7f7;border-bottom:1px solid #ebebeb;border-top-left-radius:calc(.3rem - 1px);border-top-right-radius:calc(.3rem - 1px)}.popover-header:empty{display:none}.popover-body{padding:.5rem .75rem;color:#212529}.close{float:right;font-size:1.5rem;font-weight:700;line-height:1;color:#000;text-shadow:0 1px 0 #fff;opacity:.5}.close:hover{color:#000;text-decoration:none}.close:not(:disabled):not(.disabled):focus,.close:not(:disabled):not(.disabled):hover{opacity:.75}button.close{padding:0;background-color:transparent;border:0;appearance:none}a.close.disabled{pointer-events:none}.progress{display:flex;height:1rem;overflow:hidden;font-size:.75rem;background-color:#e9ecef;border-radius:.25rem}.progress-bar,div.az{overflow:hidden;text-align:center}.progress-bar{display:flex;flex-direction:column;justify-content:center;color:#fff;white-space:nowrap;background-color:#007bff;transition:width .6s ease}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.progress-bar{transition:none}}.progress-bar-striped{background-image:linear-gradient(45deg,rgba(255,255,255,.15) 25%,transparent 25%,transparent 50%,rgba(255,255,255,.15) 50%,rgba(255,255,255,.15) 75%,transparent 75%,transparent);background-size:1rem 1rem}.progress-bar-animated{animation:progress-bar-stripes 1s linear infinite}@media (prefers-reduced-motion:reduce){.progress-bar-animated{animation:none}}@media only screen and (min-width:992px){.dropdown:hover>.dropdown-menu{display:block}}.dropdown-menu,dl.reference-definition dd{margin:0}.dropdown-item{color:#ccc;padding:.25rem .5rem}@media only screen and (min-width:992px){.dropdown-item{color:#111}}.nopadding{padding:0!important;margin:0!important}.nav-tabs>li>a:hover{background-color:#eee}.megamenu .collapse,.megamenu .dropdown,.megamenu .dropup,.megamenu .nav{position:static}.megamenu .container,.postbox em{position:relative}.megamenu .dropdown-menu{left:auto;margin-top:0}.megamenu .megamenu-content{padding:15px}.megamenu .megamenu-content ul{padding:0}.megamenu .megamenu-content h3{margin-top:0;color:#428bca;font-size:18px}.megamenu .dropdown.megamenu-fw .dropdown-menu{left:0;right:0;color:#eee;background-color:#111}@media only screen and (min-width:992px){.megamenu .dropdown.megamenu-fw .dropdown-menu{color:#111;background-color:#eee}}.nav-item .dropdown{padding:5px 0}.megamenu .title{font-weight:400;text-transform:uppercase}@media only screen and (max-width:992px){.megamenu .title a{color:#eee}}.megamenu .left-border{border-left:0}.explain-menu{display:none}@media only screen and (min-width:992px){.explain-menu{display:block}}#articletext a:link,#slidebox a.more:hover,.article_summary .meta a,.explain-menu a{text-decoration:underline}.page-item.active .page-link{color:#fff!important}.doc_icon,.pdf_icon{width:32px;height:32px}.doc_icon{background:url(../images/imagesprite_2.png) no-repeat -192px 0}.pdf_icon{background:url(../images/imagesprite_2.png) no-repeat -224px 0}.locked_icon{width:12px;height:15px;background:url(../images/imagesprite_2.png) no-repeat -256px 0}.inline_icon{float:left;margin:0 1em 0 0}#filterControls{margin-top:.75rem}.filterBox{background-color:#eee;border:1px solid #ddd;padding:.75rem}div.az{height:2em;line-height:1.25em}div.az a,div.az a:active,div.az a:hover{background-color:#ccc;text-decoration:none}div.az a{color:#009;border:1px solid #999;display:block;float:left;width:3.6%;zoom:100%}div.az a:active,div.az a:hover{border:1px solid #009;color:#000}div.az a.current{background-color:#004180;border:1px solid #004180;color:#fff;zoom:100%}div.az a.current:hover{border:1px solid #004180;text-decoration:none;color:#fff;cursor:default}.articlepoll{border:1px solid #ccc;float:left;margin:0 1em 1em 0;width:300px}#articletext img{max-width:100%}.article_summary{overflow:hidden;margin-bottom:1em}.article_summary p.meta{color:#444;font-size:1em;margin:0}.article_summary .meta a{color:#444}.article_summary .meta span{padding:0 .2em}#article_summary_shares{padding-top:1em}#authorcredit{background-color:#ececec;border:1px solid #ccc;border-radius:4px 4px 4px 4px;padding:1em 1em 0;margin-bottom:1em}.list-group-item-thin{padding:.2rem 1.25rem}.quizQuestion{background-color:#f1f1f1;border:2px inset #dce0e4;margin-left:10px;margin-right:10px;margin-top:10px;padding:5px}.infoPanels>a h2{font-size:1rem;font-weight:700}.infoPanels>a .card-body{font-size:.9rem}.infoPanels>a:hover{text-decoration:none}.slimline .list-group-item{padding:.3rem 0}dt.card-header h2,h2.card-header{margin:0}#slidebox{background-color:#fff;bottom:0;box-shadow:0 4px 10px #555;min-height:125px;moz-box-shadow:-2px 0 5px #aaa;padding:10px;position:fixed;right:-380px;webkit-box-shadow:-2px 0 5px #aaa;width:350px;z-index:1000}#slidebox a.more,#slidebox p{color:#555;font-size:1em;letter-spacing:1px;text-transform:uppercase}#slidebox p span{color:#333}#slidebox h2{font-size:1.5em;line-height:1.2em}#slidebox a.more{display:inline-block;cursor:pointer;font-size:.9em}#slidebox .close{background:url(../images/close-card.png) no-repeat;display:block;float:right;height:15px;margin:3px;text-indent:-99999px;width:16px}#slidebox .close:hover{background:url(../images/close-card.png) -16px 0 no-repeat}#slidebox strong{color:#000;display:inline-block;font-size:1.2em;margin-left:10px;max-width:240px;vertical-align:top}.pageline{background-color:#e0e0f0;margin-bottom:1em;padding:8px;overflow:auto}.pageline .currentPage{font-weight:700}.clbutton ul li,.pageline ul{margin:0;padding:0}.pageline li{display:inline}.contentlinkunit{margin-top:1em;margin-bottom:1em}.clbutton ul,.in-article-unit{margin:1em 0;text-align:center}.resultsAd{padding:0 2em 2em 0}.signupbox{background:#e0e0f0 url(../images/infobig.png) no-repeat top left;border:solid #c2c4c5 1px;color:#000;margin:10px 0;min-height:40px;padding:5px 10px 5px 55px}.postbox{background-color:#f6f6f6;border:3px double #ccc;line-height:160%;margin:0 0 15px;padding:10px}.postbox h2{background-color:transparent;color:#000;font-size:140%;margin:0}.postbox em{float:left;line-height:34px;margin:5px 10px 0 0}.postbox b,.postbox em{color:#5c5c5c;font-size:150%;font-style:normal;font-weight:700}.postbox b,.postbox img{float:left;margin:0 10px 0 0;position:relative}.postboxTitle{color:#2e2e2e;font-size:150%;font-weight:400;margin:0;text-decoration:underline}.postboxMeta{font-size:75%}.clbutton{background:#f1f1f1;padding:8px}.clbutton ul{list-style-type:none;margin:0;padding:0}.clbutton ul li{color:#000;display:inline;text-decoration:none}.clbutton ul li a,.clbutton ul li a:active,.clbutton ul li a:visited{background-color:#8e8e8e;color:#fff!important;display:inline;font-size:90%;margin:0;padding:4px 6px;text-decoration:none}.clbutton ul li a:hover{background-color:#9999c9;color:#fff}#footer{font-size:1rem}#footer_top{border-top:solid #ccc 1px;padding:5px;margin-top:3em;text-align:center}#footer_bottom{padding:10px 10px 2em;font-size:.8em;text-align:center}.footlist{clear:both;overflow:hidden}ul.footlist{padding:0}ul.footlist li{background:0;color:#666;display:inline;margin:0 1em;padding:0;vertical-align:text-top;font-size:1em;font-weight:400}ul.footlist a:link,ul.footlist a:visited{border:0;color:#666;font-weight:400}.social-follow{overflow:hidden;display:inline-block}.social-follow a:active,.social-follow a:hover,.social-follow a:link,.social-follow a:visited{float:left;width:32px;height:32px;margin:10px 15px 10px 12px;padding:0;text-indent:-9999em;box-shadow:3px 3px 3px rgba(0,0,0,.3);background-color:transparent;background-image:url(../images/imagesprite_2.png);background-repeat:no-repeat}.sm-rss{background-position:0 0}.sm-goo{background-position:-32px 0}.sm-fac{background-position:-64px 0}.sm-twi{background-position:-160px 0}
/*!
 * # PRINTABLE-STYLES
 */
@media print{#breadcrumbs,#cookieChoiceInfo,#extralinks,#footer,#footer-leaderboard,#footer_offer,#header-leaderboard,#header-leaderboard-ad,#header-menu,#instructions,#mainmenubar,#nav,#navtabs,#pageEnd,#sidebar,#sitesearch,#sticky_navigation,#topTxtAd,#topad,#topleader,#toplinks,.col2,.contentlinkunit{display:none;visibility:hidden}#logo img,.page-content{border:0}.page-content{padding:0}#logo{content:"UsingEnglish.com";display:block;color:#000}#logo a{text-decoration:none}}